[19], The standard currently requires a seat belt warning for the driver's seat belt on passenger cars;[20] 208, S7.3; this amendment would reflect MAP-21's repeal of the statutory limitation that was the basis for this provision. See www.regulations.gov for more information. b) convicted of reckless driving three times in one year, Florida Traffic School Online (4-Hour BDI) Ex, Earth - why was it created, what's its purpos, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Seat belt warning systems encourage seat belt use by reminding unbuckled occupants to fasten their belts and/or by informing the driver that an occupant is unbelted, so that the driver can request the unbelted occupant to fasten their seat belt. [42] 57. WebIn 2018, 803 unbelted rear seat passenger vehicle occupants age eight and older died in traffic crashes in the United States. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, pp. WebOption 1 - Combination of Perpendicular and Oblique Rigid Barrier Tests: The first option is the unbelted rigid barrier test of impact speed 0 to 48 kmph and impact angle 0 to 30o. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.4.1. 65. Consumer acceptance of any eventual seat belt warning requirements is an important consideration, given the potential safety benefits of rear seat belt warnings, the history of seat belt warning technologies, and the fact that consumers have not yet had widespread exposure to rear seat belt warnings. It also includes an audiovisual change-in-status warning. Akamatsu, M., Hashimoto, H., and Shimaoka, S., Assessment Method of Effectiveness of Passenger Seat Belt Reminder, SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0050, 2012, doi:10.4271/2012-01-0050. We are aware that implementing a visual warning may require physical redesign of the instrument panel. 64. Rear seat warning systems that employ occupant detection have potential advantages over systems that do not utilize it. Mark Freedman et al. If it mandates an audible warning, should NHTSA specify any additional audible warning characteristics (for example, a minimum/maximum sound level)? documents in the last year, 494 has no substantive legal effect. However, such systems might require occupant detection sensors in order to minimize or eliminate false warnings. What type of information should the warning convey? In addition to a warning at the beginning of a trip, should there be a warning if a seat belt becomes unbuckled in the course of a trip (a change-of-status warning)? Alternative warning systems. See also Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). If your car was parked and un-occupied when it was damaged you must be On June 29, 2010, the agency published a Request for Comments (RFC) on the petition. The petitioners stated that rear seat belt warnings would save hundreds of lives each year and that a large percentage of the lives saved would be children. 4092 81 Some of these strategies are non-regulatory; some are regulatory. 0000007972 00000 n Lives Saved by Vehicle Safety Technologies and Associated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 1960 to 2012Passenger Cars and LTVsWith Reviews of 26 FMVSS and the Effectiveness of Their Associated Safety Technologies in Reducing Fatalities, Injuries, and Crashes. If the docket receives a comment too late for us to consider in developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action. Describe any assumptions you make and provide any technical information and/or data that you used. The first level warning consists of a visual warning that is active for at least 30 seconds when any occupied front seat has an unfastened seat belt. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.3.1; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.1.1. The Effectiveness of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems Draft Report: Observational Field Data Collection Methodology and Findings. This is a national telephone survey periodically conducted by NHTSA. documents in the last year, 29 With respect to comments that identify an innovative seat belt warning system differing from the current driver's seat belt warning and current production front and rear passenger seat belt warnings, NHTSA seeks comment on such possibilities, and the effectiveness of any such alternative. Should all the compliance options require occupant detection, or should there be some compliance options that do not require occupant detection? 26. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur, Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. Wandering eyes and a basic lack of attention to the road _________ the potential for a collision. 100% of the ports are level 2 [40] PCMAG, 20 Nov. 2022 Across the state in 2021 the seat belt compliance rate was 93.5% but unbelted occupants still accounted for over half of those killed in traffic crashes, the release said. Mazzae, E.N., Baldwin, G.H.S., & Andrella, A.T. (2018, October). 0000011021 00000 n 41-42. that required NHTSA to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of several different types of enhanced seat belt warnings offered by a number of manufacturers. According to data from NHTSA's National Occupant Protection Use Survey, from 2006 to 2017, seat belt use was consistently lower in rear seats than in front seats, with the lowest difference of 6.2 percent in 2007 and the highest difference of 15.6 percent in 2006. As part of the research for the report, NHTSA conducted a limited number of focus group interviews with part-time and hard-core non-users. A rear seat belt warning system might require an electrical connection between the seat and the vehicle to relay the information gathered by a buckle or webbing spool-out sensor to the rest of the warning system. Prior to 1974, NHTSA had promulgated a series of occupant protection regulations that, at various times, specified as compliance options various combinations of active and passive occupant crash protection, seat belt interlocks, and seat belt warnings. A.) [59] 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and MPVs with a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. of the issuing agency. Furthermore, when any seat belt experiences a change of status at vehicle speeds above 25 km/h, an audiovisual signal is required; the requirements for this warning are the same as for the seat belt reminder. [79] [38] Acceptability and Potential Effectiveness of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder System Features. 208) currently on the market are also typically audio-visual. 208 requires a seat belt warning system for the driver's seat, but not other seating positions. [48] Front seat belt use in 2017 reached 89.7 percent. d. Cu(OH)2\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_2Cu(OH)2 2007 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey, Volume 2, Seat Belt Report. The National Child Restraint Use Special Study found that only 13 percent of drivers reported reading the vehicle owner's manual. You can arrange with the docket to be notified when others file comments in the docket. This study utilized a telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. [25] Webbelted and unbelted occupants. One type of vehicle-based strategy is seat belt warning systems. What is now the second option (S7.3(a)(2)) became effective in 1974 and has remained unchanged since then. MAP-21 instructs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding for a rear seat belt warning system and to issue a final rule if it would meet the requirements in section 30111 of the Safety Act. Rear seat belts are generally required except in certain buses (such as school buses) between 10,000 lb and 26,000 lb, and for school, perimeter, and transit buses over 26,000 lb. ECE Regulation No. 0000046473 00000 n 2015. Other international NCAP programs, including Euro NCAP, Japan's New Car Assessment Program (J-NCAP), China NCAP (C-NCAP), Latin NCAP, New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asia (ASEAN NCAP), Korean NCAP (KNCAP), and Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP), award bonus points to vehicles that are equipped with seat belt warning systems for passenger seating positions. Accordingly, we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material. The petitioners provided a range of estimates for how much a rear seat belt warning system could increase rear belt use. Some of the reasons that your driving privilege could be revoked are _______. NHTSA also seeks comment on whether a rear seat belt warning could conflict with other in-vehicle warnings. Based on the agency's New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) Buying a Safer Car data, about 13 percent of model year (MY) 2019 vehicles sold in the United States came equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. An optimized warning system balances effectiveness and annoyance, so that the warning is noticeable enough that the occupants will be motivated to fasten their belts, but not so intrusive that an occupant will circumvent or disable it or the public will not accept it. on NARA's archives.gov. Among drivers of vehicles without a rear seat belt warning, attitudes towards rear belt warnings were generally positive as well: A majority (55%) indicated that it was important to them that their next vehicle be equipped with a rear belt warning system. NHTSA seeks comment on the relative merits of such systems. 43. A student places a 2.50 gram sample of magnesium metal in a bottle and adds hydrochloric acid. documents in the last year, by the International Trade Commission Some research may suggest that having the warning visible to the unbelted occupant may increase effectiveness. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 66; and IIHS Status Report Vol. 4172 0 obj <>stream Making the system resistant to intentional and inadvertent defeat. To ensure that your comments are considered by the agency, make sure to submit them by the comment period deadline identified in the. Nathan K. Greenwell. House Report 107-108, June 22, 2001. documents in the last year, 669 39-40, 61; Boyle & Lampkin, supra, pp. 0000005625 00000 n In response, the agency conducted a multi-phase research study (described below). Illegal window tinting. Document Drafting Handbook Seat belt non-users are typically categorized as either part-time non-users or so-called hard-core non-users. 0000042866 00000 n 61. See Docket Nos. The limited duration driver's seat belt warning requirement has remained in the standard, with some changes, since 1974. In 2010, the agency published a Request for Comments (RFC) on the petition. 2015. See infra, Part V. 46. 96. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 57. include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 21. f. Hg2Cl2\mathrm{Hg}_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2Hg2Cl2 This feature is not available for this document. These tools are designed to help you understand the official document See, e.g., Transportation Research Board Study, p. 25; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, p. 2. Although seat belt use has steadily increased over the past few decades, usage rates for rear belts have consistently been below those for the front seats. e. KCl\mathrm{KCl}KCl Potential Specifications for a Required Rear Belt Warning System, E. Technological and Economic Feasibility, I. The petitioners noted that primary enforcement laws typically do not cover rear seat occupants and asserted that studies have proven that warnings for rear seat belts significantly increase rear passenger seat belt use. [83] A problem with false reminders is that they can lead occupants to disregard or attempt to circumvent the system, defeating the purpose of such systems. Amending FMVSS No. Get an answer. We also seek comment on how to quantify the effectiveness of a rear seat belt warning system, including data related to this. . 49. In 2012, Congress passed MAP-21. Hard-core non-users are those who generally do not acknowledge the benefits of seat belts and are opposed to their use.[90] [77] documents in the last year, 1008 91. The warning must be noticeable enough to prompt occupants to buckle their seat belts, but not so intrusive that the public does not accept the warning system, that an occupant will circumvent or disable it, or that the warning system could lead to driver distraction that could increase the risk of a crash.[98]. The behavioral strategies were upgrading existing state seat belt laws; high-visibility enforcement campaigns; a national communications plan; employer policies and regulation; and insurance industry collaboration. (D) in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients. For example, among drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning, approximately 80 percent were satisfied with the system and 65 percent reported that the rear seat belt warning made it easier to encourage rear seat passengers to buckle up. These part-time non-users might be amenable to strategies to increase seat belt use. [30] DOT HS 811 097. xref 27. 83. A change in seat belt status in front and rear seats also initiates the second level warning. [82] Euro NCAP does not specify that occupant detection for rear seats is needed in order to obtain bonus points. For a fuller discussion of the history of the active and passive protection requirements in FMVSS No. The sole basis for the 8-second maximum duration in FMVSS No. If you estimate potential costs or burdens, explain how you arrived at your estimate in sufficient detail to allow for it to be reproduced. 0000045887 00000 n Although NHTSA did not previously have the authority to require, or specify as a compliance option, a seat belt warning with an audible signal lasting more than 8 seconds, the agency facilitated the voluntary adoption of enhanced warnings through a series of legal interpretations that determined that the Safety Act did not prohibit manufacturers from using enhanced warning systems (e.g., systems with audible warnings that lasted more than 8 seconds) as long as the manufacturer differentiated the voluntarily-provided signal from the required signal (for example, by a clearly distinguishable lapse in time between the two signals). Enhanced warning systems utilize warnings that are relatively longer-lasting or have an audible component beyond the minimum FMVSS No. Automatic belts are rarely, if ever, installed in current production vehicles, and NHTSA's regulations limit the seating positions for which automatic belts may be used to rear seats. In the U.S., occupant detection is widely used in existing vehicles in the front outboard designated seating positions, either as part of an advanced air bag system, or as part of a voluntary seat belt warning system. As noted above, an enhanced warning that activates for an unoccupied seat could be a nuisance that either desensitizes the occupants to the warning signal or leads them to circumvent or defeat the warning. 04/28/2023, 858 Rear seats are frequently used for child restraint systems attached by a child restraint anchorage system, or LATCH. This could be addressed by requiring a sequential logic system. S4.2.6 (with the exception of some options). NHTSA seeks comment on potential consumer acceptance concerns with a proposed seat belt warning system. The guidelines could identify best practices for manufacturers who wish to equip vehicles with a rear seat belt warning system. Transportation Research Board Study, p. 9. There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. In Florida, immersion in water or fire as a result of a collision happens in less than ________ of all collisions annually.
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