He (I presume) seems to be a bad conversationalist, likely through lack of practice. What led me to ask this is stories of people who were deaf from birth whod get cochlear implants as adults. Fortunately, at home, I can act how I want, which recharges me significantly. I am simply saying that when you encounter lots of GS11+ people they are exactly like Comey. The genes that increase risk of autism are disproportionately also genes that increase intelligence, and vice versa (~100% confidence), 2. In general, the less a dog resembles a wolf, the more likely it is to have musculo-skeletal, respiratory, and circulatory problems. High-functioning autism looks more like the same polygenetic soup one finds with other complex personality characteristics like intelligence or Big Five character traits. Some of this effect is because autism is caused both by normal genes and by de novo mutations and environmental insults, and the de novo mutations and environmental insults definitely decrease intelligence. Plus the military is always interested in easy ways to enforce security and they arent too bothered by political correctness, so any automated defense units that I might hypothetically build could also be a profitable side-business for me. Our 2nd, 4th, and 5th children are not autistic, so parent age doesnt seem to have played a role in our case (though we were both relatively young even for our fifth, at 36 and 35.). I would expect a challenge, in testing the intelligence of Autistics. With more aggressive screening for such things, we would see a much smaller diagnosis gap. And also reproducing younger (banking frozen eggs and/or sperm early for the IVF). I. In particular, this aligns well with the observation that de novo variants are more frequently observed in ASD cases with intellectual disability compared to cases without comorbid intellectual disability, that IQ correlates positively with family history of psychiatric disorders92 and that severe intellectual disability (encompassing many syndromes that confer high risk to ASD) show far less heritability than is observed for mild intellectual disability93, intelligence in general94 and ASDs. He visually learned letter and number orders before turning 2. You can squeeze out a little more gain by filtering just the frequencies that feed back, but if you keep going up it wont take long at all before there are too many to filter. First, doesnt the note say that the bottom graph (for each letter) is the likelihood that a father of x IQ will have a child with the specified outcome? Its 100% true. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-03-06/humanity-keeps-getting-smarter. According to the different mechanism theory, they should have more, but by the collapsing tower theory, they should have fewer. That sounds like the Flynn effect, although the Flynn effect generally isnt considered genetic. Its much easier to please one person than an entire society, and unlike our judgmental mouth-breathers in the States, Putin at least seems like a pretty pragmatic and reasonable guy. The avoidance of eye contact. Based on those two correlations, I would be very surprised if it didnt add up to a correlation between predisposition for autism and children later in life. Kindof like we could genetically engineer all people to be tetrachromats. Potential confounder: having a low-functioning autistic child is highly stressful and often unpleasant. (2005) reported that 50% of families visited their adult with autism at least weekly and an equal number of adults came weekly to visit at their mother's home. For what its worth, I was diagnosed with Aspergers (which has now been folded into autism) at age 12 and as part of the diagnosis they did an IQ test with a processing IQ component and a verbal IQ component, and although the documents I have dont list the actual scores, the result is referred to in the documents as being very high in the verbal component and very low in the processing component. For example, the experience of people who are blind at birth and then are given sight as an adult vs. those who lost vision as a child and then have their sight restored as an adult. Regarding Narcissim, the first website I pulled up had these as the first 3 symptoms: * Have an exaggerated sense of self-importance 9 6 5 4 3 marries 9 2 5 4 3, children high chance of 10+ on first and autistic, children that are not autistic are just barely on the bright side of normal. This is why, as a freshman at 125 lbs, I could beat seniors at 160, 171, 189, and 215 lbs on our team, despite all of them crushing me at the bench press. I always used to get one word wrong on purpose because I preferred the silver stars. This meant that theyd routinely turn them off. This study finds lower heritability than the usual estimates (which are around 80% to 90%; the authors are embarrassed by this, and in a later study suggest they might just have been bad at determining who in their sample did or didnt have autism. Several studies have shown a genetic link between autism and intelligence; genes that contribute to autism risk also contribute to high IQ. n=1, but it was striking to watch my very smart middle kid go from being a near-outcast in his good Catholic school to a guy with lots of friends at his magnet school. It would not surprise me if a lot of non-neurotypical children were doing similar things, and that it poses genuine problems for studies like those discussed above. Id cheerfully get in bed with the military-industrial complex -in fact, Id probably be rock-hard the whole time. This is interesting to me, since I am on a career path to become a high end career civil servant, GS-12 at 25 years old for those that know what that means, and I am anything but normal. I dont think cystic fibrosis works that way. however, ASD without these two confounders shows no correlation with IQ. Moments of it? Question the second. Non-genetic factors. Someone at the 99.0 percentile for intelligence would probably seem quite mediocre by SSC standards. Getting more education is strongly correlated with later childbearing / siring. I didnt understand why you left out the actual finding, which seems to be an important fact to note. I have no family history of autism. If females have a higher average baseline social competence, it would stand to reason that even the impaired girls would remain above the diagnosis threshold in greater numbers. Theres a question if you want to go really far out, outside the modern human range, and you might get unforeseen side effects. There simply haven't been any large, decent-quality studies showing that children in ABA show significant improvements over children not in ABA. Dr. Laura Baur is a psychiatrist with interests in literature review, reproductive psychiatry, and relational psychotherapy; see her website for more. If genes for autism (without autism itself) increase intelligence, we should expect these people to be unusually smart. We have limited time to dedicate to know these genius, and a big part of it is dedicated to old ones. Ah, that would explain the discrepancy. When people came to our defense, it was generally with an idea I didnt like too much: that maybe there were different types of intelligence and if we sucked at [x] we must surely be good at [y]like life was an RPG character generator or something. Being 1.5 standard deviations less socially adept than the average girl might make you weird, but not problematic, while being 1.5 standard deviations less socially adept than the average boy might make you a classroom / societal problem. If you get much past that, all intelligible sound will cease and be replaced by a terrible noise that wasnt exhibited _anywhere_ prior in the range of the knob. Most of my coworkers (except for the youngest ones) are married, and many have children. I dont have time to go through all the links this morning but wanted to add some more studies. If so, then the top-level geniuses may well have something else going on upstairs to enhance their intelligence, some other difference from the norms, that isnt part of the complex of IQ/autism risk genes. I get to see what happens to those kids otherwise, they become adults who ace every math exam, but are unable to buy pants. I think, everywhere. She was born with the cord around her neck, and we had respiratory specialists on hand to assist. The entire idea of a gene for intelligence is just as silly as a gene for running fast. There are genes which have lower-order effects, and intelligence or running are higher-order capabilities that emerge from the lower-order system in complex ways (indeed, theres probably several more layers than that.) Most of these seem to be related to social ability. Agreed. Other possible explanation(s): Some kind of anxiety about doing things wrong, combined with worrying about whether one is supposed to be able to do a thing yet. Suppose the only study on age-related mortality shows that people older than 30 are 1.2x more likely to die in a given year than people younger than 30, but does not give any other information. Quite a few trans women seem to be extremely masculine in their interests. But for me the key point is that high-intelligence fathers show a trend (albeit not significant in this study) to be more likely than average to have children with autism and intellectual disability. The taller the tower, the stronger the foundation has to be. Pretending that people with autism diagnoses are typical of people with autism is useful when trying to treat the symptoms of autism; but ignoring less symptomatic people results in ineffective studies when trying to figure out causes and effects. That, combined with intentional software creation can lead to more or less high functioning autists. Superficially, this seems more plausible to me than the tower vs. foundation model, especially since its type of phenomenon we already observe for better-understood things the brain does, e.g. Slate Star Codex was a blog by Scott Alexander about human cognition, politics, and medicine. And in a sport like wrestling, which is heavily reliant on locks, holds, and pins, having those weak points could easily allow someone to overpower you. 80,000 Hours researches different problems and professions to help you figure out how to do as much good as possible. Third, and most important, there is a strong selection bias in the samples of autistic people. Autism-risk genes may just be plumping up the middle tiers, those who are noticeably intelligent but not staggering one-in-a-million test cases. Wow! There is yet more. So the technically autistic community could well be more intelligent on average than the general population, with the people who are actually labeled autistic being a particularly low-functioning subset of that population. Because a masculinizing influence on the brain would militate against the development of brain structures telling the autistic person you are actually a girl.. The top level of any domains is so hard that most people cant judge anything about it. The only reason social rituals are important is because other people say that theyre important, and historically it was important for high-intelligence people to be able to get along with low intelligence people or they would be outcast from the tribe and die. But every so often, somebody tries to do . Plausibly, a certain amount of narrowness and rigidity of focus will improve cognitive performance, whereas too much will cause impairment by making it too hard to get the big picture, switch attention and deal with competing stimuli etc. If Ronemus isnt missing some obscure de novo mutations, then people who get autism solely by accumulation of common (usually IQ-promoting) variants still end up less intelligent than average. The two may or may not be correlated (Im honestly not sure), but theyre not the same thing. Polimanti and Gelemter (2017) find that autism risk genes arent just sticking around. It makes sense to me that the microglia that are involved in both the elimination and growth of synapses could end up producing some brains that are less functional and some that are more functional vs. the wild type based on how the extra pruning is done, what parts of the brain its done in, and when its done. Ok, I just got to the end of the comments and no-one else has brought this up yet: Isnt the finding that He taught himself the alphabet before he was 1 year old. Many such cases with Aspergers (me too), whereas for high functioning autism the deficit is inverted for processing vs visuo-spatial. Or in the case of plants, their leaf structures are generated by a fractal pattern, and even small changes in the parameters of that fractal cause large changes in the ultimate pattern in a way that is chaotic and difficult to predict. This is the only study I know that has actually measured autism rates in the general public. This is not the whole story, and even cases of autism that are caused entirely or mostly by normal genetics are associated with unusually low IQ (80% confidence), 5. One possible explanation is simply that autistic children born to poor parents/less intelligent parents/disadvantaged minorities are simply more likely to die in infancy/early childhood and thus never be diagnosed as being autistic to begin with. my kid who is on the spectrum is 12 and ok functioning (doing well in middle school) i cant imagine what would get us into the therapist office to do an IQ test. I wonder what the genetics for this would look like. No guarantees in biology, but you can try to find a future partner with no such family history. And an article by John Elder Robison pointing out that most of our data on autistic people come from children and the extreme cases. The change is even starker at the extremes. It is where his bread is buttered professionally, but I wish he would think more deeply about it. Given that many drugs both medical and recreational appear to affect similarly subtle parameters broadly through relatively simple molecules, theres no reason to assume they cant be much more specifically fine-tuned through genetics. I.e. Ive looked into this topic myself, not professionally or anything-just as an interested lay researcher with a science/statistics background- and had a less well-articulated formulation of the tower vs. foundation model in mind for awhile, too. Normal includes insecurities, anxieties, caring what other people think. Most cases of autism involve all three of these factors; that is, your overall autisticness is a combination of your familial genes, mutations, and environmental risk factors. If missing, intelligence develops a lot less/later/incompletely? Someone at the 99.0 percentile for intelligence would probably seem quite mediocre by SSC standards. and they seem just as likely to have unplanned children as less intelligent people with equally bad impulse control. I then play out both parts of the conversation from memory as their mouth gapes open.). There is another problem: Giftedness also increases empathy, which in the wrong environment can be a bad thing. My problem with this kind of model is that some people are geniuses but dont have autism. Question the first. Shes unable to work in a normal public school classroom, but luckily we have a charter school that specializes in children with autism that has worked well for her. To some extent, incompatible advantages can stack by affecting entirely different things (one runner with salutary mutations affecting his legs, his lungs, and his adrenal gland) But to some extent they cant. One possibility would be something like a tower-vs-foundation model. Ive known people who were very mathematically and/or technically inclined who had poor social skills. I really like this change. The tower model looks close to my personal model, which has absolutely no experimental testing besides how the two of us feel about itbut generally I call it the Smore model. How does age of parents figure in? Thumbs up to this perspective. She has absolute pitch, [] an amazingly high proportion of her autistic students have it to some degree. The Economist More evidence that autism is linked to gut bacteria. The post is laden with unsaid assumptions that do not make sense to me. This can best be understood through a tower-versus-foundation model where higher intelligence that outstrips the ability of some mysterious foundation to support it will result in autism (25% confidence), 6. https://sci-hub.tw/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070881. For all his skepticism in some areas, Scott is remarkably accepting of the overall conceptual framework of psychiatric and psychological diagnosis despite its glaring philosophical flaws, which have been pointed out by many (see e.g. What is the SES variation of autism? One way of resolving the autism-intelligence paradox is to say that familial genes for autism increase IQ, but de novo mutations and environmental insults decrease IQ. I cant tell if this is evidence against Crespi or whether since all intellectual abilities are correlated this is just the shadow of their high perceptual intelligence, and if we directly looked at perceptual-to-verbal ratio we would see it was lower than expected. Two of these are diagnosed as autistic, though with very different forms. My vague mental model is that there are a bunch of different parameters that have to be within a certain range to get good performance from your brain. If so, wed expect a much higher rate of female-to-male transgender identity among people on the autism spectrum who, ah, lack that Y chromosome. Also, if anything, it would be self-control thats being selected against by modern reproductive behaviors, not intelligence. Anyway, if the data were there, I would suggest an alternate explanation that a significant portion of gender dysphoria is socially mediated, and the autistic are isolated from the social phenomenon. This might sound mean, and Im very sorry if this offends anyone, but just seeing what my family has gone through, I would definitely find having a severely disabled child worse than not having one and would likely be unhappy with a child any more than slightly aspie. These are just three randomly-selected studies; there are too many to be worth listing. A mutation in the pigment for the red cone allows a person to see two shades of red. Having more diverse cones means that they can differentiate shades of red that other people would see as identical. Its highly unlikely for someone with either of those conditions to become the Director of the FBI. 1. Is it possible to measure autism on some scale, rather than as a binary category? So the only question is whether the size of the effect is enough to fully explain the data or whether, even after adjusting out the degree to which autism is caused by mutations and environment, it still decreases IQ. or, most spicily: If e.g. There are maybe as many as 1000 of them in the Western world, and none of them would want to ever hang out with us because they are smart enough to know that their time would be better spent managing their billion-dollar corporations and/or governments. The Gardner study seems to suggest its a very weakly elevated risk, maybe only 1.1x or 1.2x relative risk. She has absolute pitch, an attribute that is quite rare in the general population, but she says an amazingly high proportion of her autistic students have it to some degree, even when they didnt know it. I was thinking of Sickle Cell Anemia, where if you get the gene from one parent you are immune to malaria, while if you get from both, your blood cant carry enough oxygen. I have read before that age of parents increases risk of autism. MealSquares is a "nutritionally complete" food that contains a balanced diet worth of nutrients in a few tasty easily measurable units. Slate Star Codex was a blog by Scott Alexander about human cognition Press J to jump to the feed. They come from random plants or shiny rocks or stuff Alexander Shulgin invented to get high. Every autism case is caused by some combination of these three factors, and the more it is caused by normal genes, the more intelligence is likely to be preserved (~100% confidence), 4. And autistic people have more health issues than non-autistic people do. I also need alternative means to handle a wide variety of learning and perceptual tasks. A couple of property developers Ive worked with. The genes that control the development of that definitely dont do so in a linear or easily explainable way. As long as I kept useful inventions flowing out of my lab, I think hed pay me well and insulate me from social criticism. focus on the denotations of words, not the emotional or social connotations. You dont need to be an absolute dictator or god-king to be able to ignore social norms all you need is lots of money. Obviously it cannot be 100%, but I have not yet encountered one that isnt a narcissist or what the internet calls an autist. And since mental traits like intelligence, social aptitude, and self-control are the ones most likely to be selected for in society, it makes sense that our imbalances would primarily be mental. I know plenty of highly intelligent people who nonetheless have very poor impulse control particularly when it comes to libidinous desires! The reason seems to be that there is great overlap in symptoms, although there is great diversity in symptoms. Their free career guide show you how to choose a career that's fulfilling and maximises your contribution to solving the world's most pressing problems. She hoped to use this theory to explore why some autistics show delayed language acquisition. Some of the software I am running to handle those tasks manually requires huge amounts of processing power, resolution, intelligence, and or ability to abstract. There is no reason to think that e.g. By the same rationale, you could say that no one is normal, and everyone is simply running a mental emulation. (Or did, 20+ years ago when I last took an IQ test.) Even when you get it high enough, to the point of being too much of a good thing, if its a rock show some people are still going to want it higher. So I doubt that trans feelings require an opposite-sex brain. no IQb + mgl: normal You could compare those estimates for IQ to those for height. These different enrichment profiles observed provide evidence for a heterogeneous and qualitatively different genetic architecture between sub-types of ASD, which should inform future studies aiming at identifying etiologies and disease mechanisms in ASD. If that didnt work because the moralizing pearl-clutching normies insisted on creating arbitrary obstacles in my path to financial success, I would definitely see cuddling up to Putin as a good alternative. Even if intelligence where a little lower we would have a lot more genius given the increase in population. (I have predicted conversations, but only because the other person forgot we already had it. Increased parental age correlates with autism risk, AIUI. 6. Autism As A Disorder Of High Intelligence, A link between Tay-Sachs gene and intelligence, https://hennyk.com/autism-and-perfect-pitch/, https://hennyk.com/book-perfect-pitch-in-the-key-of-autism/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPZn4x3uOac, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xd54l8gfi7M, distinction between people with high functioning autism and Aspergers. Because theres a correlation between IQ and race, overdiagnosing the children of a higher IQ group with autism (or underdiagnosing the children of a lower IQ group with autism) results in a correlation between IQ and autism which is actually just caused by racial bias in diagnosis rates. Slate Star Codex Assortative Mating And Autism Posted on January 28, 2020 by Scott Alexander Introduction Assortative mating is when similar people marry and have children. Now imagine that someone was in that condition but *couldnt* turn it off. and they seem just as likely to have unplanned children as less intelligent people with equally bad impulse control.
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