The total amount of blood in humans varies with age, sex, weight, body type, and other factors, but a rough average figure for adults is about 60 millilitres per kilogram of body weight. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In almost all vertebrates, including humans, hemoglobin is contained exclusively within the red cells (erythrocytes). r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; J Diet Suppl. .g { margin:0px; padding:0px; overflow:hidden; line-height:1; zoom:1; } grid-template-columns: 200px auto auto 20px; The authors declare no conflict of interest. In nature, the color of honey is usually due to the type of flower nectar from which the honey derived. MeSH Biochemical Aspects of Evolutionary Biology; By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The carbohydrates present are the monosaccharides fructose (38.2%) and glucose (31%); and disaccharides (~9%) sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, maltulose, turanose and kojibiose. 1 to 1 : 4 with the use of honey, butter, cottage cheese, yoghurt, jams, glucose, and others. Sponges and coelenterates (e.g., jellyfish and hydras) also lack a blood system; the means to transport foodstuffs and oxygen to all the cells of these larger multicellular animals is provided by water, sea or fresh, pumped through spaces inside the organisms. Annals of medicine 34 (2002): 419-427. Journal of Internal Molecular Science (2011); 12 (12): 9514-9532. antibacterial action. I thought red blood cells are already larger in diameter than the smallest capillaries, so that they have to squeeze through. Another enzyme, glucose oxidase, then breaks down the glucose and stabilizes the pH of the honey. The average pH of. Amylase is an enzyme that helps break down amylose into glucose. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Unsurprisingly, these comprise the major portion of honey - about 82%. .redHeader > a{ Honey is used to feed bees during the winter. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Honey is composed mostly of the sugars glucose and fructose. Evaluation of the effects of a honeybased gel on blood redox biomarkers and the physiological profile of healthy adults: A pilot study. Epub 2017 Mar 15. See this image and copyright information in PMC. What makes these numbers most remarkable is that honey isnt manmade. 2013 Jun 18;1(1):32-8. doi: 10.4103/2321-3868.113333. Specific attention is focused on the beneficial biological activities of bee products in human health. HMF is a breakdown product of fructose (one of the main sugars in honey) that is formed slowly and naturally during the storage of honey, and much more quickly when honey is heated. Larger and more-complex animals, which have greater oxygen needs, have pigments capable of transporting relatively large amounts of oxygen. Food Res Int. An overview on the role of dietary phenolics for the treatment of cancers. float:unset !important; The buffy coat, a thin cream-colored layer consisting of white blood cells and platelets forms below the plasma, while red blood cells comprise the heavy bottom portion of the separated mixture (~45%). Direct link to Northstar's post I got this from the Inter, Posted 3 years ago. Health Benefits of Manuka Honey as an Essential Constituent for Tissue Regeneration. Direct link to Ariadne's post Yes they are still consid, Posted 7 years ago. Honey exposure stimulates wound repair of human dermal fibroblasts. The major difference n these three types are that continuous capillaries are less permeable than fenestrated, having sinusoid to be the most permeable and big-sized capillaries in our body. In the lungs, red blood cells take up oxygen, and as they circulate through the rest the body, they release the oxygen to the surrounding tissues. government site. Proceedings of the nutrition Society 61 (2002): 87-96. Alvarez-Suarez J, Giampieri F, Battino M. Honey as a source of dietary antioxidants: structures, bioavailability and evidence of protective effects against human chronic diseases. ThoughtCo. Honey also contains organic acids such as acetic, butanoic, formic, citric, succinic, lactic, malic, pyroglutamic and gluconic acids, and a number of aromatic acids. The denser cells and platelets move to the bottom of the tube, forming red and white layers, while the plasma remains at the top, forming a yellow layer. Honey: A Reference Guide to Natures Sweetener. Honey also contains Grainger MNC, Klaus H, Hewitt N, Gan H, French AD. HMF is a six-carbon heterocyclic organic compound containing both aldehyde and alcohol (hydroxymethyl) functional groups [12]. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Honey has been always taken place in diet not only nutritional aspects but also for health properties. Oxidative stress results from lack of balancing chemical reaction between the production of free radicals and the natural protective effect of our body resulting into cellular damage and disruption of genetic structure the main antioxidants in honey are the phenols, such as quercetin, hesperetin and chyrsin, and the Maillard products called melanoidins. It is a very important energy food and is used as an ingredient in hundreds of manufactured foods, mainly in cereal-based products, for its sweetness, color, flavor, caramelization, pumpability and viscosity [4]. Each person has an ABO blood type either A, B, AB, or O which means antigen A, antigen B, both antigens (type AB), or neither antigen (type O) is found on their blood cells. and transmitted securely. When sugar is stirred into a glass of water, some sugar is usually left at the bottom. The primary blood gasses are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. max-width:330px; Replacement of red cells is completed within several weeks. The composition of honey basically varies to the floral source, but seasonal, environmental factors and processing conditions are also important. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help If you prick your finger or scrape your knee, you'll see some droplets of blood form. That means it is rather thick in consistency and sometimes its solid. Is Honey the Same as Sugar? Stefanis C, Stavropoulou E, Giorgi E, Voidarou CC, Constantinidis TC, Vrioni G, Tsakris A. Antioxidants (Basel). proline. Direct link to 's post what is nucleus, Posted 7 years ago. HMF can form at relatively low temperatures (110-115oF.) Travel with the red blood cell as it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide through the heart, lungs, and body tissues, Observe how a red blood cell travels from the heart to the lungs and other body tissues to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Honey has been reported to contain more than 180 substances and is considered as an important part of traditional medicine. The amount of HMF present in honey is the reference used as a guide to the amount of heating that has taken place: the higher the HMF value, the lower the quality of the honey is considered to be [15]. Factors such as body size, the amount of adipose tissue, and electrolyte concentrations all affect blood volume. The myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells also divide asymmetrically, with their non-stem cell daughters generating the mature cell types of the blood. Find out What This Vital Life Fluid Is Made Of. Pure cane sugar is almost all sucrose. Eteraf-Oskouei T, Najafi M. Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. In tropical countries, bees need to survive through seasons when there are no flowers, periods of drought, or when bees are not able to forage because of rain or other adverse weather. The degradation causes changes in chemical composition, color and flavor of honey. Honey has been used as a food and medical product since the earliest times. Firstly, the chemical composition of manuka honey is described, with special attention given to its polyphenolic composition and other bioactive compounds, such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal. High-quality honey has a variety of positive nutritional and health effects. 2021 May;143:110268. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110268. Direct link to Tybalt's post While everybody has stem . #post-9282 .alignleft img{ The osmotic effect of serum albumin retains fluid within the circulation, opposing the hydrostatic forces that tend to drive the fluid outward into the tissues. Except nutritious value, it inhibits some food spoilage organisms too. Honey is highly special, nutritious, functional and healthy food. Sammut, Dave. Consequently, in supersaturation, heat, enzymes or other chemical agents can increase the amount of material dissolved. The USDA classifies honey into seven color categories: water white, extra white, white, extra light amber, light amber, amber and dark amber. This is because the amino acids in honey begin reacting with the sugars. The main plasma protein groups are albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens. For hematopoietic stem cells, which are found in the bone marrow, one daughter cell remains a hematopoietic stem cell, while the other goes on to become a different type of stem cell: either a myeloid stem cell or a lymphoid stem cell. ( B ) Homology, MeSH Sugars are sometimes called sweet carbohydrates. (Carbohydrates are one of the three primary classes of foods, along with proteins and fats.) After the nectar is gathered by the bee, invertase is added. eCollection 2023 May. The bees stop when the water concentration is between 17-18% and move it to its storage location. 2021 Jul 20;10(7):1670. doi: 10.3390/foods10071670. .column-center{width:30%; padding-left:20px} Direct link to Jonathan Widarsa's post Firstly, there are three , Posted 7 years ago. Some countries set an HMF limit for imported honey (sometimes 40 milligrams per kilogram), and honey with an HMF value higher than this limit will not be accepted [16]. anti-inflammatory effects. Mitteilungen aus Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene 93 (2002): 232-254. Also, it interrupts the healing process, contributing to extended hospital stays, as well as increased treatment costs in terms of antibiotics, dressings and staff time. Those are some sweet statistics. This enzyme is located in the flower from which the bees collect nectar, but it is also present in the bees body [6]. The .gov means its official. } Because 95 to 99.9 % of the solids in honey are sugars, in order to understand honey, its necessary to understand sugar. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Proteins, Amino Acids & Isoelectric Point disaccharides (~9%) sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, maltulose, turanose and kojibiose. Apidologie 35 (2004): S4-S17. The red pigment hemoglobin, which contains iron, is found in all vertebrates and in some invertebrates. Temperature can affect crystallization. When the observed mean value, dark types of honey are richer in minerals than lighter. The healing properties of honey were demonstrated in a study comparing honey treatment to that of silver sulfadiazine, the standard treatment, for burn victims. Through the use of enzymes, bees are able to convert the complex sugar in nectar into more simple sugars. This keeps the hydrogen peroxide content low. In particular, water rapidly moves in and out of the bloodstream, achieving a balance with the extravascular fluids (those outside the blood vessels) within minutes. Because of its supersaturation and low water content (15-18%), honey is viscous. External application of honey dressings as well as application to mucous layers of the body cavities didnt show signs of allergic reaction and side effects [36]. Sometimes, honey darkens due to a process known as the Maillard Reaction. Direct link to abdulahi_al22's post (See Possible risks of b, Posted 7 years ago. Apparently, the main functions of these types vary accordingly with the permeablity of the vessels and for sinusoid, as it is the largest capillary, allows larger molecules to flow through it, including white blood cells of any kind. In addition, the identity and quality standards were described, such as sugars, moisture, acidity, ash and electrical conductivity, color, 5-HMF and diastase activity, along with the minimum and maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius. Pereira RF, Bartolo PJ. Direct link to Silvana's post The text says: ''Red bloo, Posted 7 years ago. 2023 Apr 1;12(7):1493. doi: 10.3390/foods12071493. .column-left{ float: left; width: 15%; vertical-align: top; } Citation: Dessie Ashagrie Tafere. Technically, blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart (or an equivalent structure) to all parts of the body, after which it is returned to the heart to repeat the process. When fructose is heated, HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural) can sometimes form. Honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen and bee venom are used as nutriment and in traditional medicine. . Thats because their atoms are arranged differently. Research on honey volatiles started in the early 1960s. Table 1: Minerals in honey in relation to human requirements. If its left uncovered, honey will begin to collect moisture from the atmosphere. That means it collects moisture. And if you could zoom in even further, you would see that there are also many macromolecules (such as proteins) and ions (such as sodium) floating in the liquid. The normal value of clotting time is 8 to 15 minutes. color:#cc0000 !important; .issuem_archive { Honey has proven safety for use. Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Mature and Immature Honey: An HPLC/QTOF/MS-Based . Chemical composition and uses of Honey: A Review. } .column-right{ float: right; width: 15%; vertical-align: top; } Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 19 (2005): 641-659. These enzymes are not used up in the reaction, so they can be used over and over again. .g img { height:auto; } Honey volatiles are the substances responsible for the honey aroma. Seraglio SKT, Schulz M, Brugnerotto P, Silva B, Gonzaga LV, Fett R, Costa ACO. Therefore, the chemical characteristics of these compounds were examined, such as sugars, proteins, amino acids, enzymes, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, phenolic and volatile compounds present in honey. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Whereas honey is viscous and has a low water content, nectar is about 80% water. Direct link to Ev's post I thought red blood cells, Posted 7 years ago. Wound healing can be affected by endogenous (pathophysiology) and exogenous (micro-organisms) factors [33]. Healthy diet and lifestyle makes all bodily functions work better, including immunity. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.021. Chemistry Journal of Chemical Education Honey is a supersaturated sugar solution, created by bees, and used by human beings as a sweetener. Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity. In larger and more-complex animals, transport of adequate amounts of oxygen and other substances requires some type of blood circulation. National Honey Board. As with other suspensions, the components of blood can be separated by filtration. Honey is a useful source of high-carbohydrate food, and usually contains a rich diversity of minor constituents (minerals, proteins, vitamins and others), adding nutritional variety to human diets [25]. The water content of honey (water-in-honey) is the quality aspect that determines the ability of honey to remain fresh and to avoid spoilage by yeast fermentation. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "What Is the Chemical Composition of Blood?" The National Honey Board. The antimicrobial effects could be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the concentration that is used [28]. Food Chem. .title-with-sep{background:url("https://www.beeculture.com/wp-content/themes/simplemag/images/section-header.png") repeat-x 0 50%;} The .gov means its official. Almujaydil MS, Algheshairy RM, Alhomaid RM, Alharbi HF, Ali HA. .g-15 { margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;width:100%; max-width:300px; height:100%; max-height:600px; } .column-image{ float: left; width: 20%; vertical-align: top; } Caramelization, the browning of sugar, is caused when heating begins breaking the molecular bonds in the honey. The text says: ''Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet-producing cells are all descended from a common precursor: a hematopoietic stem cell.''. Manyi-Loh, Christy E., Roland N. Ndip, and Anna M. Clarke. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the J. Nutr. Thats because different flowers are in bloom. Toxicon 92 (2014): 166-178. FOIA Burns Trauma. Chemical Composition of Honey: An average sample of honey is composed of water, sugar (levulose, dextrose, sucrose, dexrin), ash (minerals like calcium, iron, phosphate and manganese), about 8 components of vitamin complex (Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Pyridoxin, Choline, Ascorbic acid, Thiamine, Riboflavin and Miacin). dietary antioxidants. Careers. Honey contains almost all physiologically important amino acids. .column-center2{ display: inline-block; width: 15%; vertical-align: top; } Effect of honey high-temperature short-time heating on parameters related to quality, crystallisation phenomena and fungal inhibition. Proteins in honey may be in the form of a very complex structure or in the form of simple compounds, i.e., amino acids [7]. If, however, its moisture content rises above 25%, it will begin to ferment. The red blood cells (erythrocytes) constitute about 45 percent of the volume of the blood, and the remaining cells (white blood cells, or leukocytes, and platelets, or thrombocytes) less than 1 percent. In general, the prices of honeys from single plant species are much higher than those of common polyfloral honeys because of consumer preferences. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Omissions? Different types of white blood cells have different lifetimes, ranging from hours to years, and new cells are produced primarily in the bone marrow (although some are made or mature in the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen). Direct link to keilahvillasana's post How many red blood cells , Posted 6 years ago. .widget-poll-question {padding-bottom:9px; } Bowler PG. HMF is a solid, yellow substance that has a low melting point but is highly soluble in water [13]. However, our brains are capable of doing so thanks to the multiple support systems, which are complicated biology. Honey reduced hyperglycemia persuaded by long-term ingestion of fructose. #Healthy Food #Healthy life The site is secure. a.appendChild(r); position: fixed; Nutrition & metabolism 9 (2012): 1-12. Glands of the endocrine system release their secretions into the blood, which transports these hormones to the tissues in which they exert their effects. However, honey is more than just a supersaturated sugar solution; it also contains acids, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in varying quantities. Generally speaking, the darker the honey, the greater its antioxidising properties. Careers. Evolution is the process of becoming better and adapting, therefore advanced beings have advanced biology. 2010 Dec;7(4):303-13. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2010.508034. A lot of the bacteria which gets into your body will actually help fight off bad bacteria, viruses, etc! Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research 4 (2021): 194-201. .column-center{ display: inline-block; width: 15%; vertical-align: top; } Food you eat determines your health and immunity. 2017 Sep 1;230:540-546. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.075. Bees produce honey to act as a food store for the colony for periods when there are no flowers, or the climate is adverse. Here's the problem: when you harvest stem cells from an embryo, you destroy it. Curr. .conatiner1{width:100%} Honey significantly decreased blood glucose in rats. } Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 50 (2002): 3050-3055. 2018 Nov 27;4(4):655-664. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.655. The honey book (2009): 27-36. Whats the Difference Between Veins and Arteries? Food Chem. } Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, College of Natural and Computational Science Department of Chemistry, Mekdela Amba University, Ethiopia, *Corresponding Author: Dessie Ashagrie Tafere, College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, Mekdela Amba University, Ethiopia, Received: 28 June 2021; Accepted: 05 July 2021; Published: 13 July 2021. The stability of these compounds in relation to the chemical reactions that occur by heating or prolonged storage were also discussed, with increased understanding of the behavior regarding the common processing of honey that may compromise its quality. The proline content of normal honeys should be more than 200 mg/kg. This article focuses on the main components and functions of human blood. 272). PMC Wound pathophysiology, infection and therapeutic options. The average adult has about 5 liters of blood. The fluid portion, plasma, is a clear, slightly sticky, yellowish liquid. The bicarbonate dissolves in plasma and is transported to the lungs, where it's converted back into carbon dioxide and released. HMF is deadly to bees. [Google Scholar] https://www.thoughtco.com/volume-chemical-composition-of-blood-601962 (accessed May 1, 2023). Fortune Journals follows single blind peer-review process, manuscript submitted by an Author is assigned to a particular Editor. The chemical composition of one of the most known . Catalase changes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Some qualitative properties of different monofloral honeys. But, if the water is heated, more sugar can be dissolved. The Anatomy and Function of the Human Liver, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: "Cyto-" and "-Cyte", The Elemental Composition of the Human Body, Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College. This process is called hydrolysis. Capillary membranes are impermeable to serum albumin, the smallest in weight and highest in concentration of the plasma proteins. Honey is a complex mixture and presents very great variations in composition and characteristics due to its geographical and botanical origin, its main features depending on the floral origin or the nectar foraged by bees [2]. AIMS Microbiol. Its only guided by man. I got this from the Internet, but I think it will help. Honey's Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties: A Bibliometric Study. Due to its high sugar content, on average 80-83%, honey is an excellent energy source (304 kcal/100 g). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 3.3.1 Antibacterial activity: Honey has proven antimicrobial activity [26]. PloS one 8 (2013): e72016. Current medicinal chemistry 20 (2013): 621-638. Chemical composition. h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; Oxygen requirements have played a major role in determining both the composition of blood and the architecture of the circulatory system. Plasma is about 92% water, with plasma proteins as the most abundant solutes. -, Bogdanov S., Jurendic T., Sieber R., Gallmann P. Honey for nutrition and health: A review. Blood consists of cellular material (99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder), water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gasses, and cellular wastes. PMC This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review. } Food Chem. (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ All of these elements are present at different concentrations depending on the source of nectar, bee type, and storage. And how come our bodies don't OVERproduce? Bookshelf Composition and properties of Apis mellifera honey: A review. Forager bees draw in nectar through their proboscis (straw-like tongue.) The normal volume of blood provides such an adequate reserve that appreciable blood loss is well tolerated. Blood is slightly denser and is approximately three to four times more viscous than water. But honey . Copyright 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Influence of storage conditions on chemical composition and sensory properties of citrus honey. Although this part of the honey does not make a large amount, minerals in honey raise the value of honey for human consumption. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The content of amino acids and proteins is relatively small, at the most 0.7 %. Some annelids have the iron-containing green pigment chlorocruorin, others the iron-containing red pigment hemerythrin. Of course, singles can find a darker species that are poorer than some lighter species [19]. Can you have too many red blood cells? Foods. Machado De-Melo AA, Almeida-Muradian LBD, Sancho MT, et al. Burton IW, Kompany-Zareh M, Haverstock S, Hach J, Martinez-Farina CF, Wentzell PD, Berru F. Molecules. Mixed pollen is taken in the amount of 1 teaspoon 3 times a day. Heat and crystallization can also affect the color of honey. Its also chemically different. 2014 Nov 15;163:212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.072. Viuda-Martos, Manuel, et al. Graphical Discrimination of New Zealand Honey from International Honey Using Elemental Analysis. Some of the molecules found in the plasma have more specialized functions. Accessibility If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The true chemists in the production of honey are the bees. .column-left{width:30%} Within the body the blood is permanently fluid, and turbulent flow assures that cells and plasma are fairly homogeneously mixed. Chemistry Central Journal 12 (2018): 1-18. Single and multiple chemicals and . Honey is a natural substance produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from the nectar of flowers which is a sweet, flavorful, viscose liquid [1]. Machado De-Melo AA, Almeida-Muradian LBD, Sancho MT et al. Direct link to Kaitlynmenarik's post Can you explain about the, Posted 6 years ago. Firestone, CO. (2005). Proteins and Amino Acids Honey contains a number of enzymes, including invertase, which converts sucrose to glucose and fructose; amylase, which breaks starch down into smaller units; glucose oxidase, which converts glucose to gluconolactone, which in turn yields gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide; catalase, which breaks down the peroxide formed by glucose oxidase to water and oxygen; and acid phosphorylase, which removes inorganic phosphate from organic phosphates.Honey also contains eighteen free amino acids, of which the most abundant is Honey is one of the most popular natural sweet substances. 2023 Mar 22;12(3):501. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12030501. Just by eye, these droplets may seem to be made of uniform red liquid, similar to food coloring or paint. Blood volume is variable but tends to be about 8% of body weight. Crystallization isnt always bad. Does it feel anything at that point? Foods. The risk of wound infection increases as local conditions favor bacterial invasion and growth [34]. Meister A, Gutierrez-Gines MJ, Maxfield A, Gaw S, Dickinson N, Horswell J, Robinson B. Unsaturated O-and N-heterocycles from carbohydrate feedstocks. Figure 2: Chemical structure of three kinds of sugar. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Honey is a natural product mainly used for its therapeutic uses. FOIA official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Accounts of chemical research 35 (2002): 728-737. From a chemical point of view, it could be defined as a natural food mainly composed of sugars and water together with minor constituent such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds and aromatic substances. Most invertebrates have various large blood cells capable of amoeboid movement. It made the content of the above-mentioned lipid substances decrease in the blood serum in patients from 20 . What Is the Chemical Composition of Blood? Honeys can originate from single and multiplant species. Direct link to Wugee's post Think of single-celled or, Posted 6 years ago. An official website of the United States government. Honey has numerous uses and functional applications worldwide such as in food systems, religious and magical ceremonies as well as in human and veterinary medicine [3].
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